Pulsatile magneto-motive artificial heart

ABSTRACT

A permanently implantable artificial heart utilizing a pulsatile magneto-motive pump consisting of a pump chamber, which has two cobalt rare-earth permanent magnets spaced apart relative to one another so that unlike poles of each magnet face each other across a predetermined gap, one electromagnetic coil, a ferromagnetic piston and a hydraulic fluid. The complete heart consists of two separate half hearts each having one pulsatile magnetic pump, an atrium, a ventricle, respective valves and collapsible hydraulic sacs. A dc pulse applied to the coil determines the pumping stroke rate of the piston which forces hydraulic fluid in and out of the collapsible sacs causing alternating positive and negative pressure gradients in the atrium and ventricle of the heart, thus producing with the help of one directional check valves, a one-directional pulsatile blood flow circulation. The pumping mode of the pistons is designed to act counter directional to each other whereby generated torque forces are greatly neutralized. The total heart is designed to duplicate the natural heart&#39;&#39;s pumping action by emptying both ventricles simultaneously while the atria are in the process of filling.

United States Patent [191 Kurpanek [451 Apr. 1, 1975 1 PULSATILEMAGNETO-MOTIVE ARTIFICIAL HEART [76] Inventor: Waldemar Helmut Kurpanek,

Ontario, Canada [22] Filed: Sept. 7, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 287,062

[52] US. Cl 3/1, 3/DIG. 2, 128/1 D, 417/50, 417/412, 310/28, 251/65,137/527 [51] Int. Cl. A6lf 1/24 [58] Field of Search.. 3/1, DIG. 2;128/1 D, DIG. 3; 417/412, 413

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,048,165 8/1962 Norton3/DIG. 2 3,370,305 2/1968 Goott et a1 3/1 3,568,214 3/1971 Goldschmied3/1 3,733,616 5/1973 Willis 3]] PULMONARY VEIN Primary Examiner-RonaldL. Frinks Attorney, Agent, or FirmI-Iolman & Stern [57] ABSTRACT Apermanently implantable artificial heart utilizing a pulsatilemagneto-motive pump consisting of a pump chamber, which has two cobaltrare-earth permanent magnets spaced apart relative to one another sothat unlike poles of each magnet face each other across a predeterminedgap, one electromagnetic coil, a ferromagnetic piston and a hydraulicfluid. The complete heart consists of two separate half hearts eachhaving one pulsatile magnetic pump, an atrium, a ventricle, respectivevalves and collapsible hydraulic sacs. A dc pulse applied to the coildetermines the pumping stroke rate of the piston which forces hydraulicfluid in and out of the collapsible sacs causing alternating positiveand negative pressure gradients in the atrium and ventricle of theheart, thus producing with the i help of one directional check valves, aone-directional pulsatile blood flow circulation. The pumping mode ofthe pistons is designed to act counter directional to each other wherebygenerated torque forces are greatly neutralized. The total heart isdesigned to duplicate the natural hearts pumping action by emptying bothventricles simultaneously while the atria are in the process of filling.

10 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures WENW 1 ms SHEET 1 OF 2 55E: Em:

I! In" n h m PULSATILE MAGNETO-MOTIVE ARTIFICIAL HEART SUMMARY OF THEINVENTION The object of this invention is to provide a totallyimplantable artificial heart having a long lasting, reliable, spacesaving multipurpose pump, that by virtue of its novel constructionserves also as its own motor and valve. The reliability and lifeexpectancy of the magnetic pump is much higher than that of aconventional motor and pump. The magnetic pump functions withoutreduction gear, brushes, contacts, ballbearings, separate motor, etc.,to mention only a few advantages. The magnetic pump is a bistable devicestaying in the on or off position without a holding current ormechanical holding force thereby functioning additionally as a valve.The pump motor is the pumping piston itself and is the one and onlymoving part. Upon electric triggering the pump starts immediately withfull power. The cobalt rare-earth magnets and the coil are fully encasedso that only the piston and the pumps cylinder come in contact with thepumped medium. The magnetic pump functioning without brushes, contacts,etc., and being fully encased can be operated in an explosive or highlyinflammable medium as well as in a vacuum with absolute safety. Thetemperature in which it can be successfully operated ranges fromabsolute zero 270C to 750C.

The operational durability of the magneto-motive pump depends to a highdegree on the magnets used.

Modern magnets of the cobalt with rare-earth element type such as thecobalt Samarium magnet which has a resistance to demagnetization that isto 50 times superior to conventional magnets of the Alnico type showgreat advantages as the following tabulation of properties indicates:

Cobalt Samarium Magnets Magnetic Properties:

Coersive force 9,000 Oersted The cobalt Samarium magnet-has been shownwhen exposed to a demagnetizing field H of 9000 Oersted to retain itsfull magnetic strength. In this invention the two magnets are facingwith complimentary poles, thereby creating a circular, fully closed ringflux field with a coil set between them producing a mere few hundredOersted field strength, and opposing only one magnet at a time while atthe same time increasing the field strength of the other magnet. Theactivation of the coil produces a magnetic flux with the highest fluxdensity within the piston. From the poles of the piston the flux entersthe opposite poles of the magnet thus continually magnetizing one poleper piston stroke thereby holding the magnets at their magneticsaturation point and preventing possible degradation. A soft iron shieldplaced between coil and magnets (also 12) permits a flow of magneticflux on the outside of the coil thus preventing the flux to enter thesimilarly poled magnet.

Theoretically, should a field H of say 1000 Oersted temporarilydemagnetize some magnetic domains, then it would readily be remagnetizedas the field of 9000 Oersted plus the field of 1000 Oersted with anenergy product of greater than 20 X 10 Gauss-Oersted again fully closesthe circular ring flux field of the two magnets.

In industry the cobalt-samarium magnets are used to focus TravellingWave Tubes where fields of 9000 Oersted are always opposing.

This should prove beyond doubt that a mere 1000 Oersted field cannotproduce a degradation of field strength with time in this application.

In the permanently implantable total artificial heart according to theinvention the pump exhibits ideal suitability to closely duplicate thepumping action of a normal heart. Although it may be theorized that amechanical heart pump must not necessarily have to function as aduplicate of the natural heart pump it does nevertheless solve a lot ofproblems to adhere respectfully to the modes of the naturally createdpumping system.

The pulsatile magneto-motive heart pump has been designed to duplicatethe natural pumping modes of an actual heart very closely.

It also consists of two atria and two ventricles of which bothventricles are simultaneously emptied while the atria are in the processof filling.

Moreover a simple but very reliable one-directional valve system hasbeen designed which together produce both the high and the low pressureperiods (systolic and diastolic) as found in the natural hearts pumpingaction, thereby eliminating negative pressure states in both atria dueto the suction action of the ventricles as found in designs omittingthat principle. The check-valve system is designed to give a naturalonedirectional pulsatile blood flow circulation and it respondssimilarly as the natural valve system to an increased blood pressuregradient which overcomes the magnetic force of attraction of the valveflaps thereby opening the valve. A reduction of the blood pressuregradient causes the valve to close and remain closed against anincreased blood pressure gradient force in the opposite direction. Thuspermitting a onedirectional blood flow circulation only. The valve flapsand the elastic diaphragm sacs are constructed not to come in contactwith either the chamber walls nor with each other thereby preventinghemolysis.

The atria are designed as large elastic blood reservoirs thus providingfor rapid ventricular filling. The large atria are filled by venouspressure without the necessity of applying the negative pressuregradient. The atria are designed to counter any negative pressuregradient by collapsing slightly inward thus preventing the propagationof the negative pressure gradient to the ve nous system. The completeseparation of right and left heart into two independent units reducesthe surgical problems considerably. Each separate heart unit isindividually controlled, thus permitting a more detailed imitation ofthe physiologic stroke characteristics.

The pumping mode of the pistons is designed to act counter-directionalto each other whereby generated torque forces aregreatly neutralized.

The hearts are shown with a induction coil for transmission of electricenergy through the patients chest and the battery for storage. Should asuperior power source be used such as possibly the plutonium-238 isotopepower source then of course there is no need for the coil and batteries.

The hearts are designed to give the wearer a feeling of security andconfidence for should a diaphragm (sac) rupture and the hydraulic fluidused be of a nature not harmful to the wearers system then the normalfunction of the heart would not be interrupted. The hydraulic fluidwould slowly be replaced by the blood and a gradual hemolysis wouldoccur.

By employing a different colour marking fluid in each separate heartunit, say blue in one and green in the other, this would indicate inwhich heart unit a diaphragm rupture occurred. For the wearer therewould be ample time to seek medical aid as with additional bloodtransfusions many days could be bridged without harmful effects. Unlikegas-driven heart pumps, air embolism cannot occur because there is nogas present.

The primary advantages between the artificial heart using the pumpconstructed according to this invention and other constructions knownfrom the prior art are simplicity, reliability, compactness andfunctional life expectancy.

When compared with a natural heart the following characteristics becomeevident:

induction coil and hydraulic fluid) Output 5 to litres/min Each side yesAortic arterial pressure lZU-ISO mm Hg Yes Pulmonary arterial pressure-80 mm Hg Yes Pump rate o()l 20 beats/min Yes Diastole 0.5 see YesSystole 0.3 see Yes Ventricular volume 120 ml Yes A further embodimentof the invention envisages heart design which bears such advantages as:one heart unit, less weight, lower power consumption, smaller volume,etc. But as all things in nature it is counterbalanced with thedisadvantage namely that it pumps blood alternatingly into the pulmonarycirculation and with the next stroke into the main circulatory system.Should this pumping mode not prove detrimental to the human organismthen it should possibly be given priority. The embodiments disclosed arelimited to two for reasons of brevity, but it should be noted that anumber of different heart units may be designed within the scope of thepresent invention. The pulsatile magnetomotive pump, motor, valve usedin the heart system has been successfully tested by the inventor over aperiod of almost three years. The novel construction of the closed ringflux field that continually magnetizes the permanent magnets and theapplication of the superior cobalt rare-earth magnets allowed thisinvention for the first time to become functionally possible.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A better understanding will be gainedof the nature of the instant invention from a study of the followingdetailed description thereof taken with reference to the attacheddrawings wherein:

FIGS. A-1 and A-2 show the Pulsatile Magneto- Motive Pump in action inthe left heart of a Perma- DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTSOF THE INVENTION The present invention functions due to the use of anovel construction of a magneto-motive pump, which also functions as itsown magneto-motive motor and as a magneto-motive valve all thesefunctions being incorporated into one unit to form a permanentlyimplantable total artificial heart. The invention as may be seen fromthe drawings, includes two cobalt rare-earth per manent magnets (13) setat a distance apart so that the magnetic poles of one magnet face themagnet poles of the other magnet having opposite magnetic polaritythereby forming a closed ring flux field. The two magnets are rigidlymounted into a piston chamber which also serves as a magnetic sheild(8). At the magnets midsection an electro magnetic coil (12) encirclesthe inside of the piston chamber. A ferro-magnetic piston (11) slidesbetween the magnets inside the coil with two guide blocks (14)containing linear bearings on two guiding rods (15). Compression springs(10) check the sliding motion.

A dc pulse is provided which energizes the coil producing magnetic linesof force which are perpendicular to the poles of the permanent magnets.The highest flux density produced by the coil is concentrated within theferro-magnetic piston whereby the piston becomes magnetically polarized.The piston is thereupon repelled by like poles and attracted by unlikepoles of the permanent magnets. This action is reversed by a dc pulse ofopposite polarity thus resulting in a reciprocating motion of the pistonbetween the magnetic poles of the magnets respective to the alternatingelectric pulse frequency.

The reciprocating motor motion of the piston between the magnets (13) isutilized by the introduction of a piston rod thus resulting in theformation of a Reciprocating Magneto-Motive Motor.

.The reciprocating motor changes its function to a pump through theintroduction of a hydraulic fluid. The piston now pumps hydraulic fluidin the reciprocation mode through the pump chamber.

The introduction of a magnetic one-directional check valve systemfurther results in the development of a one-directional pulsatilepumping action. The piston after completion of a stroke remains in aholding bistable position at the face of the magnets due to the magneticforce of attraction without the necessity of mechanical means or holdingcurrent until the subsequent dc pulse is applied.

Additionally the introduction of a seal piston housing, a seal pistoncontact surface at the magnets face and substituting the piston with avalve sealing piston the pump functions as a Bistable Pulsatile Magneto-Motive Valve.

FIGS. A-1 and A-2 represent therefore a Permanently Implantable TotalArtificial Heart according to the instant invention comprising as twoseparate units the left and the right heart.

According to one embodiment of the invention each heart unit has amagneto-motive pump, two elastic diaphragm sacs (1), one atrium chamber,one ventricle chamber, three magnetic one-directional valves and theencasing for the heart units. The pump forces hydraulic fluid (4)through two perforated parts of the pump cylinder (5) alternativelyagainst the elastic diaphragm sacs (1 into the atrium and out of theventricle chamber. The atrium diaphragm sac forces the blood through themagnetic one-directional ventrical inlet valve (2) into the ventrical(FIG. A-2). The next stroke fills the atrium through the magneticone-directional oxygenated blood inlet valve from the pulmonary vein andthe ventricle forces the blood through the magnetic one-directionaloxygenated blood outlet valve into the aorta (FIG. A-l). The strokecharacteristic is controlled individually or combined by a pace sensor(6) built into the partition (3) below the ventricle inlet valve andregulated by an electronic circuit (16) at the base of each heart unit.To complete the system an induction coil (7) for the transmission ofelectrical current through the wearers chest wall and batteries (9) forthe storage thereof are included.

FIG. 01 represents in an alternative embodiment of the invention asingle heart unit where each chamber functions dually as atrium andventricle alternatively and being separated completelyby a partition,the hearts septum. Four one-directional magnetic valves direct the bloodflow. The pump corresponds to that shown in the embodiment according toFIGS. A-1 and A-2.

FIG. B-2 represents a magnetic one-directional blood flow valve. Twovalve flaps open under an increased given blood pressure gradient andclose due to magnetic attraction when the blood pressure gradientreverses. The valve flaps are plastic and contain a permanent magnet(13) or soft iron piece which is magnetically attracted by a permanentmagnet mounted rigidly inside the outer wall. The valve flaps are hingedand prevented from opening in the other direction by a stopper block andconcussion spring The valve flaps and the inner wall are covered by anelastic diaphragm (I) preventing the blood from entering themagnetically shielded compartment.

It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to theembodiments disclosed but to present such modifications as reasonablyand properly come -within its scope and as might be suggested by one atleast one ventricle chamber means disposed in the upper part of saidcasing and housing a magnetic one-directional outlet valve forpermitting blood to flow therefrom;

a semi-rigid chamber wall separating said atrium chamber means and saidventricle chamber means, said wall having a magnetic one-directionalventricle inlet valve to allow blood to flow from said atrium chambermeans to said ventricle chamber means, said magnetic one-directionalventricle inlet valve, said magnetic one-directional outlet valve andsaid magnetic one-directional inlet valve forming a one-directionalcheck valve system;

a first elastic diaphragm sac separating said atrium chamber means fromthe lower part of said casing, said first elastic sac being expandableinto'said atrium chamber means to substantially fill the space therein;1

a second elastic diaphragm sac separating said ventricle chamber meansfrom the lower part of said casing, said second elastic sac beingexpandable into said ventricle chamber means to substantially fill thespace therein;

pump chamber means rigidly disposed in the lower part of said casing;

reciproating bistable electro-magnetic pumping means for generating areciprocating pumping motion, having an hydraulic pumping medium andrigidly disposed in said pump chamber means;

means permitting said reciprocating pumping means to alternatively pumpsaid pumping medium into said first and second elastic diaphragm sacs tofill said sacs and cause expansion thereof into respective ones of saidchamber means and thereby generate pulsatable motion in said artificialheart which forces blood, under the agency of said onedirectional checkvalve system, in a one-directional mode around said circulatory system.

2. An artificial heart as claimed in claim 1 wherein said pumping meanscomprises:

at least two permanent magnets rigidly mounted in said pumping chambermeans so that the poles of one magnet face the poles of the other at agiven distance therebetween, said facing poles having opposite polaritythus forming a closed ring flux field that cannot be magnetized under agiven operating condition;

ferro-magnetic piston means reciprocably slidable between the poles ofsaid permanent magnets;

electromagnetic coil means rigidly disposed between said permanentmagnets and operatively surrounding said ferromagnetic piston means;

means for energizing said coil with an alternating dc pulse so that saidcoil generates an alternating electromagnetic flux field to cause saidferro-magnetic piston means to be continuously magnetically polarized inopposite directions and thereby execute said reciprocating pumpingmotion between said magnetic poles by being alternately repelled andattracted therebetween.

3. An artificial heart as claimed in claim 1 wherein said meanspermitting said pumping means to pump said pumping fluid into said firstand second diaphragm sacs comprises perforations in the wall of saidchamber means adjacent the separation of said atrium chamber means andsaid ventricle chamber means with the lower part of said casing.

type.

5. A permanently implantable artificial heart for pumping blood around acirculatory system, said heart comprising:

a casing having an upper part and a lower part;

first and second chamber means disposed in said upper part, each chambermeans capable of functioning both as an atrium and a ventricle;

a chamber wall dividing said first and second chamber means andpreventing communication therebetween;

a first inlet and first outlet passage of said first chamber means, saidfirst inlet passage having a first magnetic one-directional inlet valveand said first outlet passage having a first magnetic onedirectionaloutlet valve, said first inlet and first outlet valves allowing blood toflow into and out of said first chamber means respectively;

a second inlet and second outlet passage of said second chamber means,said second inlet passage having a second magnetic one-directional inletvalve and said second outlet passage a first magnetic onedirectionaloutlet valve, said second inlet and said second outlet valves allowingblood to flow into and out of said second chamber means respectively;

a first elastic diaphragm sac separating said first chamber means fromthe lower part of said casing, said first elastic sac being expandableinto said first chamber means to substantially fill the space therein;

a second elastic diaphragm sac separating said second chamber means fromthe lower part of said casing, said first elastic sac being expandableinto said second chamber means to substantially fill the space therein,said first magnetic one-directional magnetic inlet and outlet valvesforming a first onedirectional check valve system, and said secondmagnetic one-directional magnetic inlet and outlet valves forming asecond one-directional check valve system of said artificial heart;

pump chamber means rigidly disposed in the lower part of said casing;

reciprocating bistable electro-magnetic pumping means for generating areciprocating pumping motion rigidly disposed in said pump chamber meansand having an hydraulic pumping medium and at least two permanentmagnets rigidly mounted in said pump chamber means so that the poles ofone magnet face the poles of the other at a given distance therebetween,said facing poles having opposite polarity thus forming a closed ringflux field that cannot be magnetized under a given operating condition;ferromagnetic piston means reciprocably slidable between the poles ofsaid permanent magnets; electromagnetic coil means rigidly disposedbetween said permanent magnets and operatively surrounding saidferromagnetic piston means; means for energizing said coil with analternating dc pulse so that said coil generates an alternatingelectromagnetic flux field to cause said ferromagnetic piston means tobe continuously magnetically polarized in opposite directions andthereby execute said reciprocating pumping motion between said magneticpoles by being alternately repelled and attracted therebetween; meanspermitting said reciprocating pumping means to alternatively pump saidpumping medium into said first and second elastic diaphragm sacs to fillsaid sacs and cause expansion thereof into respective ones of said firstand second chamber means and thereby generate pulsatable motion in saidartificial heart which forces blood, under the agency of said first andsecond one-directional check valve systems, in a one-directional modearound said circulatory system.

6. An artificial heart as claimed in claim 5 wherein 7. An artificialheart as claimed in claim 5 wherein said permanent magnets are of thecobalt rare-earth type.

8. A permanently implantable artificial heart for pumping blood around acirculatory system said heart comprising:

a casing having an upper part and a lower part;

at least two chamber means disposed in said upper part and havingcorresponding inlet and outlet passages for transporting blood to andfrom each of said chambers respectively so that as blood is entering onechamber it is simultaneously leaving the other;

a one-directional check valve system disposed in said inlet and outletpassages for controlling and allowing the flow of blood in one directionthrough said heart and into said circulatory system;

a first elastic diaphragm sac separating one of said two chamber meansfrom the lower part of said casing, said first elastic diaphragm sacbeing expandable into said one of said chamber means to substantiallyfill the space therein;

a second elastic diaphragm sac separating the other of said two chambermeans from the lower part of said casing said second elastic diaphragmsac being expandable into said other of said two chamber means tosubstantially fill the space therein;

reciprocating bistable electromagnetic pumping means for generating areciprocating pumping motion rigidly disposed in the lower part of saidcasing, and having an hydraulic pumping medium; at least two permanentmagnets rigidly mounted in said chamber means so that the poles of onemagnet face the poles of the other at a given distance therebetween,said facing poles having opposite polarity thus forming a closed ringflux field that cannot be magnetized under a given operating condition;ferromagnetic piston means reciprocably slidable between the poles ofsaid permanent magnets; electromagnetic coil means rigidly disposedbetween said permanent magnets and operatively surrounding saidferro-magnetic piston means; means for energizing said coil with analternating dc pulse so that said coil generates an alternatingelectromagnetic flux field to cause said ferromagnetic piston means tobe continuously magnetically polarized in opposite directions andthereby execute said reciprocating pumping motion between said magneticpoles by being alternately repelled l0 9. An artificial heart as claimedin claim 8 wherein said one-directional check valve system meanscomprises a plurality of magnetically operable onedirectional valves.

10. An artificial heart as claimed in claim 8 wherein said permanentmagnets are of the cobalt rare-earth type.

1. A permanently implantable artificial heart for pumping blood around acirculating system, said heart having a left heart portion and a rightheart portion each heart portion comprising: a casing having an upperpart and a lower part; at least one atrium chamber means disposed in theupper part of said casing and having a magnetic one-directional inletvalve for permitting blood to flow thereto; at least one ventriclechamber means disposed in the upper part of said casing and housing amagnetic one-directional outlet valve for permitting blood to flowtherefrom; a semi-rigid chamber wall separating said atrium chambermeans and said ventricle chamber means, said wall having a magneticone-directional ventricle inlet valve to allow blood to flow from saidatrium chamber means to said ventricle chamber means, said magneticone-directional ventricle inlet valve, said magnetic one-directionaloutlet valve and said magnetic one-directional inlet valve forming aone-directional check valve system; a first elastic diaphragm sacseparating said atrium chamber means from the lower part of said casing,said first elastic sac being expandable into said atrium chamber meansto substantially fill the space therein; a second elastic diaphragm sacseparating said ventricle chamber means from the lower part of saidcasing, said second elastic sac being expandable into said ventriclechamber means to substantially fill the space therein; pump chambermeans rigidly disposed in the lower part of said casing; reciprocatingbistable electro-magnetic pumping means for generating a reciprocatingpumping motion, having an hydraulic pumping medium and rigidly disposedin sAid pump chamber means; means permitting said reciprocating pumpingmeans to alternatively pump said pumping medium into said first andsecond elastic diaphragm sacs to fill said sacs and cause expansionthereof into respective ones of said chamber means and thereby generatepulsatable motion in said artificial heart which forces blood, under theagency of said one-directional check valve system, in a one-directionalmode around said circulatory system.
 2. An artificial heart as claimedin claim 1 wherein said pumping means comprises: at least two permanentmagnets rigidly mounted in said pumping chamber means so that the polesof one magnet face the poles of the other at a given distancetherebetween, said facing poles having opposite polarity thus forming aclosed ring flux field that cannot be magnetized under a given operatingcondition; ferro-magnetic piston means reciprocably slidable between thepoles of said permanent magnets; electromagnetic coil means rigidlydisposed between said permanent magnets and operatively surrounding saidferromagnetic piston means; means for energizing said coil with analternating dc pulse so that said coil generates an alternatingelectromagnetic flux field to cause said ferro-magnetic piston means tobe continuously magnetically polarized in opposite directions andthereby execute said reciprocating pumping motion between said magneticpoles by being alternately repelled and attracted therebetween.
 3. Anartificial heart as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means permittingsaid pumping means to pump said pumping fluid into said first and seconddiaphragm sacs comprises perforations in the wall of said chamber meansadjacent the separation of said atrium chamber means and said ventriclechamber means with the lower part of said casing.
 4. An artificial heartas claimed in claim 2 wherein said permanent magnets are of the cobaltrare-earth type.
 5. A permanently implantable artificial heart forpumping blood around a circulatory system, said heart comprising: acasing having an upper part and a lower part; first and second chambermeans disposed in said upper part, each chamber means capable offunctioning both as an atrium and a ventricle; a chamber wall dividingsaid first and second chamber means and preventing communicationtherebetween; a first inlet and first outlet passage of said firstchamber means, said first inlet passage having a first magneticonedirectional inlet valve and said first outlet passage having a firstmagnetic one-directional outlet valve, said first inlet and first outletvalves allowing blood to flow into and out of said first chamber meansrespectively; a second inlet and second outlet passage of said secondchamber means, said second inlet passage having a second magneticonedirectional inlet valve and said second outlet passage a firstmagnetic one-directional outlet valve, said second inlet and said secondoutlet valves allowing blood to flow into and out of said second chambermeans respectively; a first elastic diaphragm sac separating said firstchamber means from the lower part of said casing, said first elastic sacbeing expandable into said first chamber means to substantially fill thespace therein; a second elastic diaphragm sac separating said secondchamber means from the lower part of said casing, said first elastic sacbeing expandable into said second chamber means to substantially fillthe space therein, said first magnetic onedirectional magnetic inlet andoutlet valves forming a first one-directional check valve system, andsaid second magnetic one-directional magnetic inlet and outlet valvesforming a second one-directional check valve system of said artificialheart; pump chamber means rigidly disposed in the lower part of saidcasing; reciprocating bistable electro-magnetic pumping means forgenerating a reciprocating pumping motion rigidly disposed in said pumpchamber means and having an hydraulic pumpiNg medium and at least twopermanent magnets rigidly mounted in said pump chamber means so that thepoles of one magnet face the poles of the other at a given distancetherebetween, said facing poles having opposite polarity thus forming aclosed ring flux field that cannot be magnetized under a given operatingcondition; ferromagnetic piston means reciprocably slidable between thepoles of said permanent magnets; electromagnetic coil means rigidlydisposed between said permanent magnets and operatively surrounding saidferro-magnetic piston means; means for energizing said coil with analternating dc pulse so that said coil generates an alternatingelectromagnetic flux field to cause said ferromagnetic piston means tobe continuously magnetically polarized in opposite directions andthereby execute said reciprocating pumping motion between said magneticpoles by being alternately repelled and attracted therebetween; meanspermitting said reciprocating pumping means to alternatively pump saidpumping medium into said first and second elastic diaphragm sacs to fillsaid sacs and cause expansion thereof into respective ones of said firstand second chamber means and thereby generate pulsatable motion in saidartificial heart which forces blood, under the agency of said first andsecond one-directional check valve system, in a onedirectional modearound said circulatory system.
 6. An artificial heart as claimed inclaim 5 wherein said means permitting said pumping means to pump saidpumping fluid into said first and second diaphragm sacs comprisesperforations in the wall of said chamber means adjacent the separationof said atrium chamber means and said ventricle chamber means with thelower part of said casing.
 7. An artificial heart as claimed in claim 5wherein said permanent magnets are of the cobalt rare-earth type.
 8. Apermanently implantable artificial heart for pumping blood around acirculatory system said heart comprising: a casing having an upper partand a lower part; at least two chamber means disposed in said upper partand having corresponding inlet and outlet passages for transportingblood to and from each of said chambers respectively so that as blood isentering one chamber it is simultaneously leaving the other; aone-directional check valve system disposed in said inlet and outletpassages for controlling and allowing the flow of blood in one directionthrough said heart and into said circulatory system; a first elasticdiaphragm sac separating one of said two chamber means from the lowerpart of said casing, said first elastic diaphragm sac being expandableinto said one of said chamber means to substantially fill the spacetherein; a second elastic diaphragm sac separating the other of said twochamber means from the lower part of said casing said second elasticdiaphragm sac being expandable into said other of said two chamber meansto substantially fill the space therein; reciprocating bistableelectromagnetic pumping means for generating a reciprocating pumpingmotion rigidly disposed in the lower part of said casing, and having anhydraulic pumping medium; at least two permanent magnets rigidly mountedin said chamber means so that the poles of one magnet face the poles ofthe other at a given distance therebetween, said facing poles havingopposite polarity thus forming a closed ring flux field that cannot bemagnetized under a given operating condition; ferromagnetic piston meansreciprocably slidable between the poles of said permanent magnets;electromagnetic coil means rigidly disposed between said permanentmagnets and operatively surrounding said ferro-magnetic piston means;means for energizing said coil with an alternating dc pulse so that saidcoil generates an alternating electromagnetic flux field to cause saidferromagnetic piston means to be continuously magnetically polarized inopposite directions and thereby execute said reciprocating pumpingmotion between said magnetic poles by being alternately rePelled andattracted therebetween, whereby said pumping means alternatively pumpssaid pumping medium into said first and second elastic diaphragm sacs tofill said sacs and cause expansion thereof into respective ones of saidchamber means and thereby generate pulsatable motion in said artificialheart which forces blood, under the agency of said one-directional checkvalve system means, in a one-directional mode around said circulatorysystem.
 9. An artificial heart as claimed in claim 8 wherein saidone-directional check valve system means comprises a plurality ofmagnetically operable one-directional valves.
 10. An artificial heart asclaimed in claim 8 wherein said permanent magnets are of the cobaltrare-earth type.